The West and the Rest: A Report and Reaction Paper on Kishore Mahbubani’s Ideologies
“The world is nearing the end of a 500-year cycle of Western-dominated history that began with European colonization. The end of the cold war “unfroze” historical forces, but most Americans remain unaware that major changes are imminent.“
Can Asians Think? Understanding the Divide Between East and West.
Kishore Mahbubani is well-known for his books,and has addressed many major conferences in many parts of the world. Yet, who really is Kishore Mahbubani?
Mahbubani claims himself as a civil servant and a career diplomat. He received the President’s Scholarship in 1967, which was his stepping stone towards his undergraduate studies in philosophy at the University of Singapore, now the National University of Singapore. He also obtained his Master’s Degree, which is also in philosophy, from Dalhousie University in Canada. He also spend time at the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. Truly, Mahbubani is a man who values education.
He has also been with the Singapore Foreign Service since 1971. He was previously Permanent Secretary (Policy) at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was also the first dean of the Civil Service College in Singapore, and has served several leading institutes in Singapore such as the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,the Institute of Policy Studies, the Lee Kuan Yew Exchange Fellowship, and the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies. Currently, he is the ambassador of Singapore to the United Nations.
Mahbubani caught even more attention when his book Can Asian’s Think? Understanding the Divide Between East and West. was released. Actually, he has lots of books and articles which are to be considered so influential and eye-openers. But I would like to examine his ideologies and views through the book Can Asians Think? Understanding the Divide Between East and West. Ambassador Mahbubani’s life has taken him on a journey which traverses both East and West, and it is this experience which informs his thoughts in these essays. His views represent a rare combination of imagination, extraordinary vitality, and an intellectual rigor which we all admire.
Samuel P. Huntington, the author of The Clash of Civilizations commented that: “This book is a collection of absolutely first-rate essays, elegantly written and intellectually provocative…. This book will make Asians and everyone else think better than they have.”
One of the biggest misunderstandings about this book, he emphasized, is the perception that he wrote about the superiority of Asian values over Western values. He clarified that no one in Asia, and certainly not him, believes that Asian values are superior. He further explained that if Asian values were superior, then Asian civilizations should not have fell back for hundreds of years.
Mahbubani believe that the Western mind is a huge world, but in the real sense, you are actually trapped in a mental box. For him, those who live in the West assume that they can understand the world just by looking at it through Western perspectives, which could only give a limited view of the world. He summarised world history that for most of the past 200 years, western populations have been subjects of world history while the rest of the world have been objects.
Personally, I believe that one could not blame why those from the West have this kind of perspective. Now we could see the West dominating in many other areas: in universities, in research and development, in Nobel prizes for science, in release of new technology. Virtually all the cutting edge work in any field of science, perhaps even in social sciences, is done in the West. Even myself, I see the Western civilization with a high regard, and with what Mahbubani had stressed, I have every reason to think that I am absolutely wrong.
It is his belief that the world will be a much richer place when Western minds stop assuming that Western civilization represents the only universal civilization. It was with these thoughts in mind that Ambassador Mahbubani directs his first questions to his fellow Asians and challenges them to look inward to ask why they have slipped so far behind European societies whom they once outstripped at the end of the last millennium. As Ambassador Mahbubani stresses, the future lies in the fusion of civilizations, not in their divide.
He also cited that one of the key insights Marx left with us was that one of main drivers of world is economic change. Mahbubani believed that if only Marx is alive today, he would be amazed by the scope and speed of economic changes that we are all witnessing today.
This then leads us to the scope of modernization. Normally, we would equate modernization with the West. From this I remember Huntington saying that these two are separate entities, and so, a country could be modernized without being westernized. Furthermore, he said that the positive effects of modernization should not be ignored for it has helped mankind in many ways. Though it could sometimes be disadvantageous, still, merit should be given to it since a lot of scientific and idustrial breakthroughs brought upon by modernization have helped man in one way or another.
Today, as we enter a world that is much different from what it is centuries ago, the essays presented in his book are perhaps even more relevant. Ambassador Mahbubani’s work provides a foundation for a far-reaching discourse between East and West, and, to paraphrase him, may even call attention to the possibility that contributions of other civilizations have influenced the development and growth of mankind.
For Mahbubani, the relevant question here is: Can the population of the West carry the burden of the world on its shoulders? Personally, I believe that this is not possible. Thus, I see Mahbubani’s idea on this as the most appropriate thing to do. He said that we need to have burden-sharing between the West and other civilizations to have stability. “We need a fusion of civilizations rather than a clash of civilizations”.
Optimistic, he can see the fusion of civilizations taking place across the Pacific with East Asia and the United States cooperating in economics, politics and culture. However, he still haven’t been able to see how we are going to fuse the Islam and Western civilizations, and with that he believed that is where the problems will lie in the world to come.
In simplest terms, we could see Mahbubani’s message: in his own words, “The world will be a much richer place when Western minds stop assuming that Western civilization represents the universal civilization.” The rest of the west may therefore see the creation of a new civilization which will truly integrate the best from all streams of mankind.
Personally, I see Mahbubani’s opinions on the fusion of civilizations as a Utopian view. But nevertheless, I still believe that it is the best that we could hope for, the best solution that is more or less tangible. I fear that this will never be a reality for as far as I could observe, there is always the hierarchy of civilizations at the back of our minds. I still believe that the Westerns see themselves as the “model” civilization. It is not that I am sounding so pessimistic. Deep inside me, I am hoping that years from now, there will no longer be the “us-versus-them” and the “West-and-the-rest” syndrome for I fear that Huntington’s postulate may come true. I am keeping my fingers crossed that Mahbubani’s visions will be realized. Who knows, few decades from now we will witness a world that is one, a world that is not divided.