Saturday, April 12, 2008

The Gay Science: A 15-minute theatrical script

Foreword

 

 

 

The Gay Science is a fictional, theatrical play involving four characters: Mr. Sauron Gamgee, Saruman Gamgee, Gandalf Gamgee, and Radagast Brandybuck[*].

 

They live in a world no different from today, only that humanity is doomed to the inverse proportionality of the humans’ age and intelligence – that is, the level of intelligence decreases as they age and get older. Thus, in this “world”, all human beings are born brilliant (with different inclinations: the social sciences, biology, literature, etc.), and the highest peak of their intelligence is when they are at their youngest age. After birth, all offsprings are sent to The Village (villages in particular places and are controlled by institutions). These villages act as the “reservoirs” of the brilliant minds; the humans residing in the village (babies, toddlers, youngsters) work and harness their intelligence. The moment they are to get out of The Village, they seek for work, and at the same time, enter an academy or a school to aid their waning and deteriorating intelligence.

 

In this play, Mr. Sauron Gamgee is the 53-year old father of Saruman and Gandalf. His sons are currently enlisted in Rivendell – their Village. Saruman, 5 years old, is inclined in the Natural Sciences and is affiliated with the think tank inside Rivendell. Four-year old Gandalf, on the other hand, is with the Philosophy Department of Rivendell.

 

The play starts with the characters inside the Gamgee study. Saruman and Gandalf return home for a week-long break from Rivendell. A fellow from The Village, 8-year old Radagast (Russian), a social critic and a good friend of Gandalf, joins the Gamgees in their vacation.

 

 

 

 

The Gay Science

 

 

ACT 1

 

SCENE 1

 

(Inside the study of the Gamgee residence. Mr. Sauron Gamgee is scanning their old books in the corner as Radagast and Gandalf are seated, all busy with paper works. Haggard-looking Gandalf is wearing his usual grimy suit. Saruman, trimmed and spick-and-span, enters the study with a handful of things.)

 

RADAGAST

(Sighs)

 

Zeeez… mah birthday ez ‘n a week’z time… Haaay… I juz hate aging…

(Gandalf laughs; Radagast browses on the papers in his envelope)

 

Zeeez… Zair ‘as been a mistake… Zeez arnt my papers…

 

(grunts)

 

Ya have ze Manifezto with you?

 

GANDALF

(Slides a copy of Communist Manifesto across the table)

 

RADAGAST

Zeeez… Thankz…

(Browses through Communist Manifesto)

 

SARUMAN

(Enters the study with a handful of his old medical instruments)

 

Hi dad. How’s schooling?

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(Stops reading)

 

Oh… Saruman… School’s fine. We’re on Hypothesis-Testing and Estimation in Statistics.

 

SARUMAN

Oh Hypothesis-Testing easy. Just remember that the trick there is to determine whether the standard variation and the population size are given, then that’s it. Of course, familiarize the test stats.

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

Yeah, I guess… And you sound like my Stat teacher… You should have met her, our teacher, I mean. Just about 6 years old or so… Just about your age. Brilliant kid, from The Village two cities away from here.

 

SARUMAN

(uninterested)

 

Oh really…

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(stares at the instruments Saruman brought in)

 

What’s that son?

 

SARUMAN

Oh these? Some instruments I found in the attic. I think these are mom’s. I didn’t know she was into medicine.

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(Goes to Saruman; checks on the instruments, then examines a speculum)

 

Yeah… she was… What is this called?

 

SARUMAN

It’s a speculum.

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

A what?

 

GANDALF

(enunciates; talks while scanning the book he is reading)

 

Spe-cu-lum. Speculum. With Latin origins. Mirror. Meaning, to look at.

 

SARUMAN

(Smiles sarcastically to Gandalf)

 

I didn’t know you got a linguist in you.

 

(Back to Mr. Gamgee)

 

That’s one, though. It could mean a mirror, or any reflective surface in an optical tool. In medicine though, it is a tool used to open a body passage… the nose, the anum, the vagina… The earliest recorded vaginal speculum was used by a Greek physician… I forgot the name…

 

GANDALF

(interrupts, still scanning his book)

 

Archigenes. 2nd century AD.

 

(sighs)

 

How old are you again, dad?

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

Nah, I know… you don’t wanna get old… getting old and sounding stupid.

 

(continues gaping at the Speculum)

 

                         GANDALF

(looks at his father’s amazement; talks while scanning the book he’s reading)

 

You’ll find it even more interesting dad if you get acquainted with the metaphors the speculum had offered in the field of speculative thinking.

 

(stops reading; talks while going through the book shelves; Mr. Gamgee examines the other instruments.)

 

Specere. Mirror. Reflection. Metaphorically speaking, dad, one “magical” feature of a mirror is its ability to create infinite reflection. And to “reflect” is “thinking” in the truest sense. And that’s the essence of speculation – to “reflect”. Mind as mirror, Saruman. Mind as mirror.

 

SARUMAN

(mumbles)

 

Here you go again Gandalf. Vague… so vague… the danger of Philosophy. How about Realism, huh?

 

GANDALF

What about it? That there is an objectively existing world independent on our minds and perception? Or Realism in art and literature? Attempting to describe anything exactly as they act or appear in life…

 

(pauses; smiles sarcastically)

 

Realism is not “reflective”, Saruman. Remember: Mind as mirror… Mind as mirror… What’s your age again, Saruman?

 

(Gandalf smiles sarcastically; Saruman stays quiet; Gandalf gets a book from the shelves, then sits down)

 

RADAGAST

(Interrupts)

 

Zeeez… Sibling rivalry, zez iz… They zay what zeparates two people ez a diff’rent sense, and ze degree of cleanlinez!

 

(laughs; Gandalf stares at Radagast sternly)

 

I waz zust foolin’ around, Gandalf. I din’t zay thinkerz or phil’sopherz look en appear grubby en unclean…

 

(Saruman laughs with sarcasm; Radagast clears his throat)

 

Can you hand me zat ezpekyulum, Zaruman?

 

(Saruman hands in the speculum to Radagast.)

 

Ze’s an old ezpekyulum. Hmmmmm…

 

(Examines closely the speculum)

 

I zee no metaphors, Gandalf.

 

(Gandalf and Radagast gave a laugh; Radagast continues gaping at the speculum.)

 

What I ze are labor relations! I zee labor in zes ezpekyulum! The hands o’ men who worked for ze production of zes ezpekyulum. I zee the inequities ‘n exploitation of an unjust zystem!

 

GANDALF

(Laughs)

 

You’re over-romanticizing, Radagast.

 

(Laughs)

 

Oh well, that’s what I really love with imagination. Philosophizing. “Thinking”, the simplest way of putting it. “Fictionizing”. Believing and unbelieving. Doubting Skepticism.

 

(To Saruman)

 

And that is what’s lacking in the Natural Sciences, Saruman.

 

SARUMAN

(Raises his voice.)

 

Oh yeah? Who says we from the Natural Sciences do not “imagine”?! If the Arts venture into surrealism… literature has hard fiction… well, just so you know… we, the real scientists do imagine, for heaven’s sake.

 

GANDALF

(Interrupts sarcastically.)

 

Oh you do? You evoke ideas, images of objects, events, relations, attributes, or processes never before experienced or perceived? Do you, “scientists”, even philosophize?!

 

SARUMAN

That’s the problem with Philosophy… with Social Sciences.  YOU MONOPOLIZE IDEAS. How do you think did we come up with technological inventions? With scientific and mathematical theories? We started with what you guys call “imagination”. We envision something inconceivable, and then wonder, “why not”?

 

(shifts tone; boasts)

 

I am currently working on weather control[†] with a few other fellows at the think tank in Rivendell. Microwave lasers, created by the nano-technology that I have produced, make free-forming oxygen that bonds with hydrogen when fired into the Earth’s atmosphere. This process produces ozone and water. Free oxygen in the atmosphere pairs up – that’s why it’s called O2  – and I’ve discovered that firing that laser from space into the atmosphere made the oxygen bond with two hydrogen atoms into ozone – O3 and water – H2O.

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(interrupts)

 

Really, son? How does that…

 

SARUMAN

Weather is driven by water, dad. And I found out in large-scale tests that so much water was created as a by-product of the experiments that winds shifted. More lasers, more wind. Control the water and wind, and you control the weather. Thus, we can create and “uncreate” storms… typhoons… tornadoes…

 

(grins; looks back at Gandalf)

 

So who says we do not employ imagination? Who would have thought that something uncontrollable as the weather would one day be manipulated through science and technology? It started with imagining, my dear brother – that aspect mental processing you philosophers claim to be solely yours. And puhlease… don’t boast that you’re younger than me, Gandalf.

 

RADAGAST

(clears his throat)

 

SARUMAN

What?! Do social critics imagine, huh, Radagast?

 

RADAGAST

(taken back by the question)

 

Oh… Zeeez… wazzat a zerious quezion? Zaruman… uhm… to answer “yeez” to zat quezion would be eztating ze obviouz. In za firz plaze, how did zocial criticz ‘ike Marz come up with ze idealized clazless zociety if he dint employ imazination? Zats ze entire point of communism – an imazined world… wat otherz would label as Utopia. If you don ze conzeiving a clazless zociety izn’t a form o’ imazination, zen I dunno wazzit call’d.

 

(clears throat)

 

But I don’ think zats what Gandalf waz zayin’ wid “imazination”. Of corz, it’s more zan zust making up o’ forming zomethin’ in our minds. It’s not zust “imazining” en ze most elementary level. Philozophizing is more dan dat Zaruman… Oh well, I guez…

 

(silence in the study)

 

SARUMAN

Whatever you say…

 

(Silence in the study; Mr. Gamgee breaks the silence.)

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(clears throat)

 

Hey, hey… Let’s end the arguments now, kids. You’ve been arguing since you’ve started wearing diapers.

 

(sighs)

 

Oh well, let’s see where this will take you to. Let’s just see when you get old.

 

(everyone gives a laugh, then silence; Mr. Gamgee studies Gandalf who is still busy reading)

 

Uhm… What are you working on, Gandalf?

 

GANDALF

(taken back)

 

Oh… uhm… I’m going through the works of some Computational theorists.

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

The what?

 

GANDALF

Computational theorists, dad. Under Cognitive Science.

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(mimics Radagast’s accent)

 

Zeeez, son… rem’ber, am not young anymore. Pleez don’ be zat technical. Zes ez ze hard part of getting old.

 

(Everyone laughs, especially Radagast)

 

GANDALF

(Puts down the book he is reading; talks to his father.)

 

Computational Theory dad, simply put, is that approach in Cognitive Science wherein the processes of human thinking is equated to algorithmic rules… to a kind of calculation. It uses the metaphor of algorithmic calculation as the means of managing the non-meaningful, nonsensical actions, “idiotic” processes. Computational theorists, dad, are concerned of opening the “black box” of the mind – what’s in between the input and the output, what processes the stimulus into actions… The computational rules are metaphors to explain what’s happening inside the black box.

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(nods)

 

Ahhh… These… uhm… These “algorithms”, whatever they are… uhm… where did they come from? Or, how did they come to being?

 

GANDALF

A product of a long process of evolution, dad. Using Natural Selection as an analogy, it’s a game of generating variants… The generation of such is random… The variants are exposed to selection processes… Some variants are saved, some are not… Natural Selection in the truest sense…

 

SARUMAN

(smiles sarcastically)

 

See… See my dear brother… It all goes back to Science!

 

(sighs)

 

RADAGAST

(interrupts)

 

Oh… uhm… not really. Ze Computaznal Theory e’ zust one approach. If I’m not miztaken, zers zis approach detached of ze algorithmic prinziple…

 

GANDALF

I think Radagast was pertaining to what Umberto Eco claims that we can still talk about “thinking” without necessarily opening the black box. Eco was 4 years old when he conceptualized this approach, what has been labeled as the “thinking cognitive”. Common sense, that is. According to Eco, one flaw of Cognitive Science is the tendency to connect everything to the metaphorical computations inside the black box. Oh well, for him, we can still talk about cognition without using the computational view. There may be a link between the two, but for Eco, they are not synonymous. So what he emphasizes is the importance of the socio-cultural context in cognition. The day-to-day activities…

(clears throat)

 

It’s like knowledge, actually. It’s moving out of the mental processes since knowledge involves social factors… It’s being more social conscious…

 

SARUMAN

(interrupts)

 

Nah… knowledge is equated with wisdom, my friends. Expertise. Intelligence. Thus, it is the familiarity of theories, of rules, of concepts…

 

GANDALF

(shakes head; sighs)

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

You mean the familiarity of what is taught in school?

 

SARUMAN

Oh well, maybe in your case, dad, ‘cause you’re in school now. I’ve never been in school, though I know I will be in the future. But I guess you’re right with that, dad. Knowledge is the expertise of concepts, which in your case, is taught in school…

 

RADAGAST

(with a disapproving look)

 

Nah… nah… datz not ze caze, Zaruman… Uhm… yez, I’m a bit older compared to ze two of you, but ders zis research I am currently doin’ on ze latent zystem in ezucation… ze oppression ‘n ezucation… What you’ve been zayin’ az “what ez taught ‘n school” actually displays a linear relationship between ze student ‘n ze teacher. Paulo Freire, a fellow sozial critic at Rivendell, waz 3 ½ yearz old he firz came up with the idea of what we now call “ze banking conzept of ezucation”.

 

SARUMAN

(interrupts sarcastically)

 

Oh I thought you were just concerned with the exploitation  on workers… and now here you are with (mimics Radagast) zeez oprezzion ‘n ezucation. Waz widiz “banking conzept of ezucation”, huh?

 

(grins sarcastically)

 

RADAGAST

Zaruman… zust zo you know… zeez banking conzept of ezucation zat we come up with, eza form of oppression. Uzing ze analogy o’ banking, ze studentz are zeen az nothin’ but “objectz”, empty “rezeptacles” dat needz to be “filled” by ze teacher. Ezucation thuz becomes an act of depositing… ze teachers make depozits in which ze students patiently rezeive, mem’rize, and repeat…az en ze case of ze Natural Scienzes, Mathematicz, Economicz…  Zees projection of abzolute ignoranz in ze part of ze students eza form of oppression, connoting ze teacherz as ze superior, en ze studentz as ze inferior…

 

MR. SAURON GAMGEE

(worried)

 

So you mean we, students are oppressed?

 

RADAGAST

Zat’s why I tink I won’t be goin’ to school if ever my… uhm… if I get out o’ Rivendell… Zuch an opprezive system!

 

GANDALF

Dad, it’s just their critique on education… It does not really follow that…

 

RADAGAST

(interrupts Gandalf; asserts)

 

But it ez an act of opprezion, Ghandalf. What ze teachers claim as ze “truth” ez one-zided az doz are ze ezperiences of ze teachers… those’re completely alien to ze existential ezperience of ze students… Zes necrophilic zet-up allows ze opprezive zystem to control ze students thus annulling zer power ‘n transforming ‘n making change ‘n ze soziety…

 

(Mr. Gamgee looks very worried)

 

GANDALF

Hey, dad, it’s from a point of you of a social critic… You don’t really have to… uhm… you know…

 

RADAGAST

(interrupts)

But Ghandalf…

 

GANDALF

(interrupts)

 

He was right with the discussion of experiences, though. If I remember it right, German philosopher Immanuel Kant was around 5 years old when he came up with the distinction of what he calls a priori knowledge and a posteriori knowledge. The former pertains to knowledge prior to experience, what John Locke claimed that the brain is just simply waiting for something to “trigger” it… Waiting for a stimulus… The latter, a posteriori, requires experience but, according to Kant, needs to mix with what is previously in the brain. Knowledge for Kant is thus a mixture of a priori and a posteriori categories…

 

RADAGAST

I guez ze bottom line ez dat ze dizcussion of knowledge leadz us to ze discussion of knowledge aza powerful tool.

 

GANDALF

(interrupts)

 

Imagination, that is. It could be that imagination creates tools, imagination itself as a tool, or the thinking that tools facilitate imagination – the counterpart of the first mentioned.

 

RADAGAST

(interrupts)

 

I like ze last one. Obzect over mind. I guez it negates ‘r mental habit of thinking mind over obzects…

 

GANDALF

I know you’d prefer the latter. But it could work both ways, Radagast. Reality is dialectic…

 

SARUMAN

I told you don’t get a social critic started…

 

(sighs; gathers his things)

 

Puhlease… enough with this “philosophizing”, Gandalf, will you? I’m sick of hearing things from that freaking discipline… If I am to mock Nietzsche’s words, Philosophy… the Social Sciences… well, they are for me The Gay Science, if it can even be categorized as a “science”!

 

(Gandalf grunts; Saruman gives a laugh)

 

Really… You call that a “discipline” where in fact all you, “philosophers”, do is seek out anything strange and questionable in existence. A bogus discipline. A bogus science. A GAY SCIENCE.

 

(laughs sarcastically)

 

Oh well, can you hand me that speculum? I think I’ll bring that with me on our way back to Rivendell. Excuse me. I need to go to the bathroom.

 

-End of Scene 1-



[*] The names of the three main characters are from the three wizards of JRR Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings trilogy. The father’s name was taken from the name of the Dark Lord, and their family names are taken from the last names of some hobbits. The name of the place Rivendell was also taken from the trilogy.

[†] Cited from Sidney Sheldon’s Are You Afraid of the Dark? novel.

Posted by Trinity The Ranger at 13:26:28 | Permalink | No Comments »

The Master Gene

The film documented the discovery of the homeobox, or hox, genes, first conceptualized by Edward Lewis.

 

A hox gene determines a particular body shape. It manifests itself at an early stage of embryonic development, and works by producing proteins in the developing embryo, acting on the very beginning of the developmental cascade. The master gene starts the chain, producing protein that acts on another protein, and so on, creating a domino effect.

 

Master genes control the position of different body parts. If one of the master genes is malfunctioning, an erroneous kind of body part may develop or a similar part may be duplicated in different places.

 

This work was originally carried out on fruit flies — its anatomy can be divided into eight sections (each having a master gene). It has since been discovered that similar master genes occur in an extensive range of animals — including humans. Though animals share the same particular hox gene, there are determining factors that account for the distinction. Such include concentration, location, timing, and specificity of the gene.

 

Science has indeed took us out into space and deeper into cells. Science – molecular biology for this matter – had in a way reduced us into cells and genes. Reductionism. Science is reductionist by nature, and discoveries such as that of the hox genes could be a way of marveling at one wonder of life – there is something that all from Animalia have in common.

Posted by Trinity The Ranger at 11:23:27 | Permalink | No Comments »

Friday, April 11, 2008

Consecrating Science: A look into the speculative merits of David Suzuki’s The Sacred Balance

The Sacred Balance talks on humanity’s place in the natural world. What makes it dissimilar in most documentaries is its inclination towards not confining the natural world into the realm of the sciences – the technical and methodological side of it. It further dwells into the mystical and spiritual side of the natural world — something that can be accessed not solely by the scientific approach, but also through the realm of imaginative thinking.

 

The gist of the documentary revolves on the primary law of ecology: the inter-relatedness of everything. It further crossed the dense boundaries of science, religion, and arts. David Suzuki deliberately used the term “sacred” all throughout the documentary to imply that there are aspects in the natural world that is inherently of holiness and reverence. He even stated that for scientists, this thinking may be seen as nonsensical and ludicrous, for it defies that attitude of science that is inclined into logical and rational thinking – something that does not cover the idea of “holiness” and “divinity” of things.

 

This further leads to the discussion of reductionism. Science is reductionist by nature; it is a method of gaining insights in which everything is reduced into “bits” and “pieces”. While this approach is necessary since knowledge is not always holistic, partly this can be blamed for it is partly because of this approach that humanity has overlooked the larger picture of things. Science took us further out into the space and deeper into the cells, and because of this, the idea that there is a larger picture wherein everything is connected has been somehow overlooked. Suzuki said he used to see a fruitfly as just a bug of genes to work on, and failed to see it as a creature of beauty and awe, the way he did when he was a kid. Science – molecular biology for this matter – had reduced us into cells and genes, in the truest sense, and with this, we have somehow forgotten our admiration and wonder on nature, and that we belong to the natural world.

 

The documentary also highlights the thought that viewing the natural world is not confined to the “scientific” approach, for the nature also covers issues that are profoundly social. In the film, we see the different approaches of viewing the world – some culture dance their stories and myths; some do re-enactments on cultural celebrations; some through representational visual art. Here, we see art as a reflection of the different cultures, and these differences in how we perceive the world determines how we live it. This cultural determinism further shows the social aspect of our worldview – and culture is something that can not be accessed by the scientific line of reasoning alone.

 

Moreover, another “spiritual” approach of perceiving the world is the Gaia view of the planet as one living entity, wherein it is made up of the elements earth, water, air, and fire which maintain the cycle of life. This may be seen as a subject of ridicule by scientists, even though it has foundations of science but still, it is deeply rooted on human tradition. As depicted by the documentary, all throughout the world we see how different cultures see the significance of these elements in human life. The Hindus see divinity in water; the Aborigines of Australia see themselves as the keepers of the sacred fire. The Gaia view claims that we all come from the four “sacred” elements, and we are simply going back to it. We do not lose the idea of “us” when we die; we are just re-lived in other forms in nature. Thus, as we see a flower, a stream, a tree, we see “us” – just in another form. These attitudes, these perspectives are profoundly “spiritual” and not leaning to science’s partiality towards rationality and logic.

 

Here, we see a different way of viewing the natural world. The Sacred Balance shows that while there is of course the significance of the scientific approach on explaining the natural world, there are still aspects in it that are, in the words of David Suzuki, “worthy of respect and reverence”. Thus, nature is not just reducing life and life forms into mere cells, genes, and DNA sequences. Reductionism is such an effective approach of understanding things, but to use it as a philosophy of life leads us to overlook that in the wider perspective, there are aspects in life that are “sacred”.

 

Episode 1: Journey Into New Worlds of The Sacred Balance started with David Suzuki and his grandson maneuvering into the world of virtual reality in arcades. The same applies in the documentary, wherein a different perspective of realty and the natural world is being presented. Science taught us of the solar energy, carbon cycles, hydrogen bonds, and the atmosphere. But going outside the realm of the natural sciences, we would take notice that reality is still social- and culture-based. There are “sacred” and “spiritual” notions that can not be accessed by scientific approach alone, but with a touch of imaginative, speculative, and “spiritual” thinking. Thus, the irony is akin to consecrating and “holy-ing” science.

Posted by Trinity The Ranger at 10:23:23 | Permalink | No Comments »